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This article is about the metal. For other uses, see Lead (disambiguation).
| thallium ← lead → bismuth |
Sn
↑
Pb
↓
Uuq |
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| Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table |
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General
Name, symbol, number
| lead, Pb, 82 |
Element category
| Post-transition metals |
Group, Period, Block
| 14, 6, p |
Appearance
bluish gray
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Standard atomic weight
| 207.2(1) g·mol−1 |
Electron configuration
| [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 |
Electrons per shell
| 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 |
Physical properties
| Phase |
solid |
Density (near r.t.)
| 11.34 g·cm−3 |
Liquid density at m.p.
| 10.66 g·cm−3 |
| Melting point |
600.61 K
(327.46 °C, 621.43 °F) |
Boiling point
2022 K
(1749 °C, 3180 °F) |
| Heat of fusion |
4.77 kJ·mol−1 |
| Heat of vaporization |
179.5 kJ·mol−1 |
| Specific heat capacity |
(25 °C) 26.650 J·mol−1·K−1 |
Vapor pressure
| P(Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
| at T(K) |
978 |
1088 |
1229 |
1412 |
1660 |
2027 |
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Atomic properties
Crystal structure
| face centered cubic |
| Oxidation states |
4, 2, -4
(Amphoteric oxide) |
Electronegativity
| 2.33 (Pauling scale) |
Ionization energies
(more) |
1st: 715.6 kJ·mol−1 |
| 2nd: 1450.5 kJ·mol−1 |
| 3rd: 3081.5 kJ·mol−1 |
Atomic radius
| 175 pm |
Covalent radius
| 146±5 pm |
| Van der Waals radius |
202 pm |
Miscellaneous
| Magnetic ordering |
diamagnetic |
| Electrical resistivity |
(20 °C) 208 n Ω·m |
| Thermal conductivity |
(300 K) 35.3 W·m−1·K−1 |
| Thermal expansion |
(25 °C) 28.9 µm·m−1·K−1 |
| Speed of sound (thin rod) |
(r.t.) (annealed)
1190 m·s−1 |
| Young's modulus |
16 GPa |
| Shear modulus |
5.6 GPa |
Bulk modulus
| 46 GPa |
| Poisson ratio |
0.44 |
| Mohs hardness |
1.5 |
Brinell hardness
| 38.3 MPa |
CAS registry number
| 7439-92-1 |
Most-stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of lead
iso
NA
half-life
DM
DE (MeV)
DP
| 204Pb |
1.4% |
>1.4×1017 y |
Alpha |
2.186 |
200Hg |
| 205Pb |
syn |
1.53×107 y |
Epsilon |
0.051 |
205Tl |
| 206Pb |
24.1% |
206Pb is stable with 124 neutrons |
| 207Pb |
22.1% |
207Pb is stable with 125 neutrons |
| 208Pb |
52.4% |
208Pb is stable with 126 neutrons |
| 210Pb |
trace |
22.3 y |
Alpha |
3.792 |
206Hg |
| Beta |
0.064 |
210Bi |
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References
Lead (pronounced /ˈlɛd/) is a main-group element with symbol Pb (Latin: plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal, also considered to be one of the heavy metals. Lead has a bluish-white color when freshly cut, but tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air. It has a shiny chrome-silver luster when melted into a liquid. |
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