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"Element 21" redirects here. For the golf company, see Element 21 (golf company).
| calcium ← scandium → titanium |
-
↑
Sc
↓
Y |
|
|
Appearance
silvery white
|
General
Name, symbol, number
| scandium, Sc, 21 |
Element category
| transition metal |
Group, period, block
| 3, 4, d |
Standard atomic weight
| 44.955912(6) g·mol−1 |
Electron configuration
| [Ar] 3d1 4s2 |
Electrons per shell
| 2, 8, 9, 2 (Image) |
Physical properties
Phase
| solid |
Density (near r.t.)
| 2.985 g·cm−3 |
Liquid density at m.p.
| 2.80 g·cm−3 |
Melting point
| 1814 K, 1541 °C, 2806 °F |
Boiling point
| 3109 K, 2836 °C, 5136 °F |
Heat of fusion
| 14.1 kJ·mol−1 |
Heat of vaporization
| 332.7 kJ·mol−1 |
Specific heat capacity
| (25 °C) 25.52 J·mol−1·K−1 |
Vapor pressure
| P/Pa |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
| at T/K |
1645 |
1804 |
(2006) |
(2266) |
(2613) |
(3101) |
|
Atomic properties
Oxidation states
3, 2[1], 1 [2]
(weakly basic oxide) |
Electronegativity
| 1.36 (Pauling scale) |
Ionization energies
(more)
1st: 633.1 kJ·mol−1 |
| 2nd: 1235.0 kJ·mol−1 |
| 3rd: 2388.6 kJ·mol−1 |
Atomic radius
| 162 pm |
Covalent radius
| 170±7 pm |
Miscellaneous
Crystal structure
| hexagonal |
Magnetic ordering
| paramagnetic |
Electrical resistivity
(r.t.) (α, poly)
calc. 562 nΩ·m |
Thermal conductivity
| (300 K) 15.8 W·m−1·K−1 |
Thermal expansion
(r.t.) (α, poly)
10.2 µm/(m·K) |
Young's modulus
| 74.4 GPa |
Shear modulus
| 29.1 GPa |
Bulk modulus
| 56.6 GPa |
Poisson ratio
| 0.279 |
Brinell hardness
| 750 MPa |
CAS registry number
| 7440-20-2 |
Most stable isotopes
| Main article: Isotopes of scandium |
iso
N.A.
half-life
DM
DE (MeV)
DP
| 44mSc |
syn |
58.61 h |
IT |
0.2709 |
44Sc |
| γ |
1.0, 1.1, 1.1 |
44Sc |
| ε |
- |
44Ca |
| 45Sc |
100% |
45Sc is stable with 24 neutrons |
| 46Sc |
syn |
83.79 d |
β− |
0.3569 |
46Ti |
| γ |
0.889, 1.120 |
- |
| 47Sc |
syn |
3.3492 d |
β− |
0.44, 0.60 |
47Ti |
| γ |
0.159 |
- |
| 48Sc |
syn |
43.67 h |
β− |
0.661 |
48Ti |
| γ |
0.9, 1.3, 1.0 |
- |
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